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Do plastic household items become soft at high temperatures?
Time: 2025/06/18
1. Thermal Properties of Plastics
Plastic is a polymer material whose molecular structure is composed of long-chain macromolecules. These macromolecules have a certain rigidity at room temperature, but at high temperatures, the intermolecular forces between the molecular chains weaken, causing the material's hardness and strength to decrease, making it soft.
2. Glass Transition Temperature (Tg)
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Definition The glass transition temperature refers to the temperature at which plastic changes from a glassy state (hard and brittle) to a rubbery state (soft).
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Influence When the temperature exceeds the glass transition temperature, the molecular chains of the plastic begin to move, and the material's hardness and modulus significantly decrease, becoming soft. For example, the glass transition temperature of polypropylene (PP) is about -20°C, but near its melting point (about 160°C), it becomes very soft.
3. Melting Point (Tm)
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Definition The melting point is the temperature at which plastic changes from a solid state to a liquid state.
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Influence When the temperature reaches the melting point, the plastic completely loses its shape and becomes liquid. For example, the melting point of polyethylene (PE) is about 130°C, and the melting point of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is about 210°C. At temperatures near the melting point, plastics become very soft.
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